Efni sem ekki má blanda saman
Stundum getur verið hætta á ferðum ef ósamrýmanleg efni blandast saman af slysni. Afleiðingarnar geta verið t.d sprenging eða myndun eitraðra eða eldfimra efna eða hvorttveggja. Það er sérstök ástæða til að hafa þetta í huga í landi þar sem jarðskjálftar eru algengir eins og á Íslandi. Best væri að geyma þessi efni í sitthvorum skápnum þannig að nánast engar líkur séu á að þau blandist saman er eitthvað kemur fyrir.
Þessar upplýsingar eru að finna í kafla 10 í SDS efnis, þar er gerð grein fyrir stöðugleika og hvarfgirni og þar er það tekið fram ef einhver efni eru ósamrýmanleg.
Hér er listi yfir nokkur algeng ósamrýmanleg efni fenginn úr bókinni "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" frá árinu 1995. Gætið að því að þessi listi er alls ekki tæmandi.
Acetic acid |
Chromic acid, nitric acid, peroxides, permanganates |
Acetic anhydride |
Hydroxyl-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol, perchloric acid |
Acetone |
Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures, hydrogen peroxide |
Acetylene |
Chlorine, bromine, copper, silver, fluorine, mercury |
Alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, powdered aluminum |
Carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, other chlorinated hydrocarbons (also prohibit the use of water, foam, and dry chemical extinguishers on fires involving these metals—dry sand should be employed) |
Ammonia (anhydrous) |
Mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrogen fluoride |
Ammonium nitrate |
Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided organics, combustibles |
Aniline |
Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide |
Bromine |
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, other petroleum gases, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals |
Calcium oxide |
Water |
Carbon, activated |
Calcium hypochlorite, other oxidants |
Chlorates |
Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organics, combustibles |
Chromic acid and chromium trioxide |
Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, turpentine, alcohol, other flammable liquids |
Chlorine |
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, other petroleum gases, hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals |
Chlorine dioxide |
Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide |
Copper |
Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide |
Fluorine |
Isolate from everything |
Hydrazine |
Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, any other oxidant |
Hydrocarbons (benzene, butane, propane, gasoline, turpentine, etc.) |
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, peroxides |
Hydrocyanic acid |
Nitric acid, alkalis |
Hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous) |
Ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous) Hydrogen fluoride |
Hydrogen peroxide |
Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, any flammable liquid, combustible materials, aniline, nitromethane |
Hydrogen sulfide |
Fuming nitric acid,a oxidizing gases |
Iodine |
Acetylene, ammonia (anhydrous or aqueous) |
Mercury |
Acetylene, fulminic acid,a ammonia |
Nitric acid (concentrated) |
Acetic acid, acetone, alcohol, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, nitratable substances |
Nitroparaffins |
Inorganic bases, amines |
Oxalic acid |
Silver and mercury and their salts |
Oxygen |
Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids, gases |
Perchloric acid |
Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils (all organics) |
Peroxides, organic |
Acids (organic or mineral), (also avoid friction, store cold) |
Phosphorus (white) |
Air, oxygen |
Phosphorus pentoxide |
Alcohols, strong bases, water |
Potassium chlorate |
Acids (see also chlorates) |
Potassium perchlorate |
Acids (see also perchloric acid) |
Potassium permanganate |
Glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid |
Silver and silver salts |
Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, fulminic acid,a ammonium compounds |
Sodium |
See alkali metals (above) |
Sodium nitrite |
Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts |
Sodium peroxide |
Any oxidizable substance, such as ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural |
Sulfuric acid |
Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates |